林克 (Will Link)：毕业于佛罗里达大学，文学硕士。
库瓦哈 (Monika N. Kushwaha)：毕业于哥伦比亚大学教育学院，教育心理学硕士。
凯托 (Michael Kato)：毕业于加拿大温莎大学，语言学硕士。
目錄：
Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................ 4
How to Use This Book .............................................................................. 7
PART I Basic Comprehension ............................................................... 11
UNIT 01 Listening for Main Ideas .................................................... 12
UNIT 02 Listening for Main Purpose .............................................. 40
UNIT 03 Listening for Major Details ................................................ 68
PART II Pragmatic Understanding ...................................................... 97
UNIT 04 Understanding the Function of What Is Said ............ 98
UNIT 05 Understanding the Speaker’s Attitude ......................126
PART III Connecting Information .........................................................155
UNIT 06 Understanding Organization ..........................................156
UNIT 07 Connecting Content ..........................................................184
UNIT 08 Making Inferences ..............................................................212
Actual Test .........................................................................................241
Appendix .............................................................................................259
Appendix ........................................................................................... 181
內容試閱：
Introduction
.
1.Information on the TOEFL iBT A The Format of the TOEFL iBT
Section
Number of Questions or Tasks
Timing
Score
Reading
20 Questions
? 2 reading passages
? with 10 questions per passage
? approximately 700 words long each
35 Minutes
30 Points
Listening
28 Questions
? 2 conversations
? 5 questions per conversation
? 3 minutes each
? 3 lectures
? 6 questions per lecture
? 4?5 minutes each
36 Minutes
30 Points
Speaking
4 Tasks
? 1 independent speaking task
? 1 personal choice/opinion/experience
? preparation: 15 sec. / response: 45 sec.
? 2 integrated speaking tasks: Read-Listen-Speak
? 1 campus situation topic
reading: 90?115 words (45 sec.)
conversation: 150?180 words (60?80 sec.)
? 1 academic course topic
reading: 90?115 words (50 sec.)
lecture: 150?220 words (60?90 sec.)
? preparation: 30 sec. / response: 60 sec.
? 1 integrated speaking task: Listen-Speak
? 1 academic course topic
lecture: 230?280 words (90?120 sec.)
? preparation: 20 sec. / response: 60 sec.
16 Minutes
30 Points
Writing
2 Tasks
? 1 integrated writing task: Read-Listen-Write
? reading: 250?300 words (3 min.)
? lecture: 250?320 words (2 min.)
? a summary of 150?225 words (20 min.)
? 1 academic discussion task
? a minimum 100-word essay (10 min.)
30 Minutes
30 Points
B What Is New about the TOEFL iBT? The TOEFLiBT is delivered through the Internet in secure test centers around the world at the same time.It tests all four language skills and is taken in the order of Reading， Listening， Speaking， and Writing.The test is about 2 hours long， and all of the four test sections will be completed in one day.Note taking is allowed throughout the entire test， including the Reading section. At the end of the test， all notes are collected and destroyed at the test center.In the Listening section， one lecture may be spoken with a British or Australian accent.There are integrated tasks requiring test takers to combine more than one language skill in the Speaking and Writing sections.In the Speaking section， test takers wear headphones and speak into a microphone when they respond.The responses are recorded and transmitted to ETS’s Online Scoring Network. In the Writing section， test takers must type their responses. Handwriting is not possible.Test scores will be reported online. Test takers can see their scores online 4?8 business days after the test and can also receive a copy of their score report by mail. 2.Information on the Listening Section
The Listening section of the TOEFL iBT measures test takers’ ability to understand spoken English in English-speaking colleges and universities. This section has 2 conversations that are 12?25 exchanges (about 3 minutes) long and 3 lectures that are 500?750 words (4?5 minutes) long. Each conversation is followed by 5 questions and each lecture by 6 questions. Therefore， test takers have to answer 28 questions in total. The time allotted to the Listening section is 36 minutes， including the time spent listening to the conversations and lectures and answering the questions.
A Types of Listening Conversations and Lectures Conversations
? Between a student and a professor or a teaching assistant during office hours
? Between a student and a person related to school services such as a librarian， a housing director， or a bookstore employee
Lectures
? Monologue lectures delivered by a professor unilaterally
? Interactive lectures with one or two students asking questions or making comments
One lecture may be spoken with a British or Australian accent. B Types of Listening Questions Basic Comprehension Questions
? Listening for Main Ideas Question: This type of question asks you to identify the overall topic or main idea of a lecture or conversation.
? Listening for Main Purpose Question: This type of question asks you why the speakers are having a conversation or why a lecture is given.
? Listening for Major Details Question: This type of question asks you to understand specific details or facts from a conversation or lecture.
Pragmatic Understanding Questions
? Understanding the Function of What Is Said Question: This type of question asks you why a speaker mentions some point in the conversation or lecture. It may involve replaying part of the listening passage.
? Understanding the Speaker’s Attitude Question: This type of question asks you what a speaker’s feelings， opinions， or degree of certainty is about some issue， idea， or person. It may involve replaying part of the listening passage.
Connecting Information Questions
? Understanding Organization Question: This type of question asks you how the listening passage is organized or how two portions of the listening passage are related to each other.
? Connecting Content Question: This type of question asks you to classify or sequence information in a different way from the way it was presented in the listening passage.
? Making Inferences Question: This type of question asks you to draw a conclusion based on
information given in the listening passage.
C Question Formats
There are four question formats in the Listening section: traditional multiple-choice questions with four answer choices and one correct answer， multiple-choice questions with more than one answer， questions that ask test takers to make the order of events or steps in a process， and questions that ask test takers to match objects or text to categories in a chart.
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