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本书作者小姜老师是新东方GRE写作班人气讲师,授课生动活泼,备受学生喜爱。为了满足学生的需要,曾把教学资料和公开课视频在网络发布,如知名留学论坛尚友、太傻,多贝网公开课等,广获好评,现终于出版面世。拯救我的出国考试写作系列共四本,分别为《拯救我的新GRE写作(Issue)》《拯救我的新GRE写作(Argument)》《拯救我的TOEFL写作》《拯救我的SAT写作》。写作考试中最终要的就是写作的模板+语料素材,本丛书共同的特色就是通过检索式编排,提供实用语料素材,给出应试策略、题库分析和实战指导等帮助读者建立自己的写作模板,以在考试用不变应万变,从容应试。其中,TOEFL写作强调写作基本技能,提供了更多的写作的基础知识。GRE
Issue和Argument两本,强调提高读者的思辨能力。而SAT更强调丰富读者史实例证方面的语料。需要出国考研的读者,请阅读TOEFL+GRE写作组合,需要出国读本科的读者,请阅读TOEFL+SAT写作组合。 |
| 內容簡介: |
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本书针对托福写作部分,为考生提供全新优化备考方案,包括详尽的托福写作指
來源:香港大書城megBookStore,http://www.megbook.com.hk 导和实用的语料素材。写作指导旨在解决考生在写作中的实际难题,如文章组织、文 章发展和语言组织三大方面的内容,帮助考生开发出自己的写作模板,从而轻松应考; 针对大多考生在写作中的短板,如语言组织过于简单、语料匮乏等情况,本书将托福 历年考题分成8 个大类,为考生提供相关类别的常考话题语料和素材。同时,还给出 超过8 000个常用短语,近20 类、超过200 句常用名言,希望考生能够在平时写作中 反复练习使用,在实战中灵活应用。 |
| 關於作者: |
| 现任加拿大多伦多新东方GRE写作班讲师,授课生动活泼,备受学生喜爱。为了满足大家的需要,曾把教学资料和公开课视频在网络发布,如知名留学论坛尚友、太傻,多贝网公开课等,广获好评,人气很高。只要在各大留学网站搜索“小姜老师”,即可了解到。 |
| 目錄: |
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目录
Detailed Contents 前言............................................................................................................................ i 使用本书.................................................................................................................. iii Chapter 1 托福写作介绍 TOEFL WRITING INTRODUCTION 1 写作部分简介Essay Organization Introduction 3 综合写作简介Integrated Writing Task Introduction 4 综合写作技巧Integrated Writing Skills 7 独立写作简介Essay Organization Introduction 9 独立写作题目总结Independent Writing Task Summary 10 Chapter 2 文章结构 ESSAY ORGANIZATION 19 文章结构介绍Essay Organization Introduction 21 文章开头Opening Paragraph 22 正文结构Body Paragraphs 25 结尾段落Concluding Paragraph 27 Chapter 3 文章发展 ESSAY DEVELOPMENT 29 文章发展介绍Essay Development Introduction 31 因果展开Cause and Effect 32 举例子Giving Examples 36 对比与比较Contrast and Comparison 38 下定义Giving Definition 41 陈述观点Presenting Viewpoints 42 常用过渡语Transitional Words and Phrases 46 Chapter 4 句子构建 SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION 49 基本句型Basic Sentence Types 51 悬挂修饰Dangling Modifier 55 平行结构Parallel Sentence Structure 57 插入语Sentence Interrupter 59 改变句子开头Varying Sentence Openings 60 句子简洁性Writing Concise Sentences 64 句子强调Using Emphatic Pattern 69 改写原文Paraphrase 70 Chapter 5 措辞与语法 WORDING AND GRAMMAR 73 避免非正式用语Avoiding Informal Words 75 避免主观用语Avoiding Personal Language 78 避免用词重复Avoiding Repeating Words 81 避免绝对用语Avoiding Absolute Words 84 避免性别歧视Avoiding Sexist Language 86 避免歧视残障人士Avoiding Offending People with Disabilities 88 主谓一致Subject-Verb Agreement 89 非谓语动词Non-verb 93 单词拼写Common Spelling Errors 99 单词首字母大写Capitalization 107 Chapter 6 功能表达 FUNCTIONAL MATERIAL BANK 109 Chapter 7 语料库:教育与学习 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: EDUCATION AND LEARNING 161 1. The Importance of Education【教育的重要性】163 2. The Benefits of College Education【大学教育的益处】164 3. Technology and Education【科技与教育】166 4. Positive Effects of Technology on Children【技术对儿童的好处】167 5. Negative Effects of Technology on Children【技术对儿童的坏处】168 6. The Importance of Homework【家庭作业的重要性】170 7. Education and Society【教育与社会】171 8. Benefits of Wearing School Uniforms【穿校服的好处】172 9. Benefits of Living on Campus【住校的好处】173 10. Benefits of Extracurricular Activities【课外活动的好处】173 11. Benefits of Small Classes【小班的好处】174 12. Benefits of Studying Abroad【出国留学的好处】174 13. Benefits of Getting Ph.D.【攻读博士学位的好处】176 14. Benefits of All Girls School【女子学校的好处】176 15. Benefits of Standardized Testing【标准化考试的好处】177 16. Negative Effects of Standardized Testing【标准化考试的坏处】178 Chapter 8 语料库:课程与教学 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: CURRICULUM AND TEACHING 181 1. The Importance of Art Education【艺术教育的重要性】183 2. The Benefits of Studying Economics【学习经济的好处】185 3. Benefits of Bilingual Education【双语教育的好处】186 4. Benefits of Learning English【学习英语的好处】186 5. The Benefits of Science Education【学习科学的好处】187 6. The Benefits of History Education【学习历史的好处】189 7. The Benefits of Music Education【音乐教育的好处】191 8. Characteristics of a Good Teacher【好老师的特点】193 9. Teacher and Learning【教师与学习】196 Chapter 9 语料库:环境与保护 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: ENVIRONMENT AND PROTECTION 197 1. Mother Nature【自然母亲】199 2. Protecting Plants【保护植被】201 3. Protecting the Oceans【保护海洋】203 4. Ozone Layer Depletion【臭氧层破坏】204 5. Endangered Species【濒危物种】205 6. Global Warming【全球变暖】206 7. Water Pollution【水污染】207 8. Water Resources【水资源】208 9. Air Pollution【空气污染】208 10. Environment Conservation【环境保护】209 Chapter 10 语料库:科技与生活 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE 211 1. Benefits of Science and Technology【科技的益处】213 2. Negative Effects of Science【科技的弊端】214 3. Science and Life【科学与生活】216 4. Technology and Human Society【科技与人类社会】217 5. Benefits of Automobiles【汽车的好处】218 6. Negative Effects of Automobiles【汽车的坏处】220 7. Benefits of Public Transportation【公共交通的好处】221 8. Benefits of Electric Vehicles【电动车的好处】221 9. About Cellphones【有关手机】222 10. Negative Effects of Cellphones【手机的坏处】223 11. Benefits of Computers【电脑的好处】224 12. Disadvantages of Internet【网络的弊端】225 13. The Importance of Renewable Energy【可再生资源的重要性】227 14. Effects of Conventional Electricity Production【传统发电影响】228 15. Benefits of Wind Energy【风能的好处】229 16. Benefits of Solar Energy【太阳能的好处】230 17. Healthy Life Style【健康生活方式】231 Chapter 11 语料库:休闲与健康 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: LEISURE AND HEALTH 233 1. Benefits of Traveling【旅行的好处】235 2. Benefits of Ecotourism【生态旅游的好处】236 3. Benefits of leisure Time【休闲的好处】237 4. Sports and Health【运动与健康】238 5. Benefits of Physical Exercise【体育锻炼的好处】240 6. Benefits of Sports for Students【运动对学生的好处】241 7. Cycling【自行车】242 8. Singing【唱歌】242 9. Handling Pressure【面对压力】243 Chapter 12 语料库:工作与财富 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: WORK AND WEALTH 245 1. Benefits of Volunteering【志愿工作的好处】247 2. Benefits of Team Work【团队协作的好处】248 3. Disadvantages of Team Work【团队协作的坏处】250 4. Benefits of Internship【实习的好处】250 5. Benefits of Job Rotation【岗位轮换的好处】252 6. Benefits of a Part-time Job【兼职的好处】252 7. Working at Home【居家工作】253 8. About Money【关于钱】254 9. How to Spend Money Wisely【如何明智地消费】256 10. Benefits of Money Management【资金管理的好处】257 11. Benefits of Budgeting【做预算的好处】258 12. Teaching Children About Money【教孩子理财】259 Chapter 13 语料库:亲情与友情 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: FAMILY AND FRIENDSHIP 261 1. The Importance of Families【家庭的重要性】263 2. Love【爱】265 3. Mothers【母亲】266 4. Fathers【父亲】268 5. Friendship【友谊】269 6. Man’s Best Friend【狗】272 Chapter 14 语料库:其他话题 WRITING MATERIAL BANK: COLLECTION OF OTHER TOPICS 273 1. Books【书籍】275 2. Benefits of Reading Books【读书的好处】276 3. Art Program Types【艺术分类】277 4. Negative Effects of TV【电视的负面影响】278 5. Benefits of Advertising【广告的好处】279 6. Benefits of Goal Setting【设定目标的好处】280 7. The Importance of Planning【计划的重要性】282 8. Embrace Failure【拥抱失败】284 9. Success【成功】285 10. About Cities【关于城市】287 Chapter 15 附录 APPENDIX 289 泛指词和特指词General and Specific Words 291 参考文献Reference 325 |
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写作部分简介brEssay Organization
Introductionbr写作部分是TOEFL iBT 考试四个部分中的最后一部分。有两部分组成,首先是综合写作(Integrated WritingbrTask),然后是独立写作(Independent Writing Task)。考试时,两部分中间没有休息。br阅读(3分钟) 230—300词阅读材料br综合写作 听力(约2分钟) 230—300词听力材料br写作(20分钟) 要求完成150—225词作文br独立写作 写作(30分钟) 完成至少300词作文br目前,TOEFL iBT Writing 单项评分结合阅卷人和机器评分两方面。综合写作为两阅卷人评分。独立写作为br一个阅卷人评分,另外加入e-rator。ETS 官方对e-rator 的评价是:“e-rater does an excellent job ofbrconsistently evaluating mechanical aspects of language”。阅卷人和机器评分满分均为为5 分,最小分差为br1 分。当两个阅卷人的打分的分差超过1 分时,将有第三个阅卷人介入打分。综合写作的两个分数,加上独br立写作的两个分数,总和除以4,得到考生的写作分数。最终根据下表(本表仅选录平均分超过3.0 部分)br将考生分数换算成满分为30 分的对应分数。br平均分 换算后分数br5.00 30br4.75 29br4.50 28br4.25 27br4.00 25br3.75 24br3.50 22br3.25 21br3.00 20br4brSaving My TOEFLbrWritingbr拯救我的TOEFLbr写作br综合写作简介brIntegrated Writing Task Introductionbr考生进入写作部分时,第一道题目是综合写作“Integrated Writing Task”。这部分的考试过程如下:br□ 限时3 分钟,阅读230—300 词文章;br□ 约2 分钟,听一篇230—300 词材料;br□ 限时20 分钟,完成一篇150—225 词作文。br近几年,阅读材料和听力材料的关系通常如下:br背景+立场br第一分论点+例证br第二分论点+例证br第三分论点+例证br背景+立场br第一分论点+例证br第二分论点+例证br第三分论点+例证brReading Listeningbr反对br反对br反对br反对br考生首先限时3 分钟阅读一段230—300 词的文字,如下图。这段时间里,考生不需要大量地做笔记,因为br在写作过程,这篇文章仍然会出现在屏幕左侧。但是,考生最好记录阅读中的关键词汇。br5brChapter 1br托福写作介绍brTOEFL WRITING INTRODUCTIONbr听力过程中,电脑界面类似于下图。听力内容只播放一遍。br例如,下文为一篇托福综合写作模拟试题的阅读部分。考生在3 分钟阅读时间内需要注意并记录以下几个关br键词(下划线斜粗体标出的)。brRembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubtsbrwhether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is knownbras attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is verybrmuch like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest itbrcould not be a work by Rembrandt.brFirst, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing abrwhite linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious furbrcollar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’brclothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency.brSecond, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fitbrtogether. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is thebrdark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially inbrshadow —which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.brFinally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several piecesbrof wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be bybrRembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.brFor these reasons the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.br近几年,托福综合写作部分都是,阅读中提出三个观点,然后听力内容分别反驳这三个观点。鉴于此,建议br考生在限时3 分钟阅读时,做类似下图的笔记。左侧主要分4 栏,第一行左边记录阅读中心立场,剩下的3br行左边记录阅读中三个分论点的关键词。右侧用于记录听力中的关键词。 |
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