目 录 北京中轴线遗产构成要素 Beijing Central Axis Nominated Components 001 钟鼓楼 / 005 Bell and Drum Towers 万宁桥 / 011 Wanning Bridge 景山 / 017 Jingshan Hill 故宫 / 025 Forbidden City 端门 / 033 Upright Gate 太庙 / 039 Imperial Ancestral Temple 社稷坛 / 045 Altar of Land and Grain 天安门 / 051 Tian’anmen Gate外金水桥 / 057 Outer Jinshui Bridges 天安门广场及建筑群 / 063 Tian’anmen Square Complex 正阳门 / 069 Zhengyangmen Gate 天坛 / 075 Temple of Heaven 先农坛 / 083 Altar of the God of Agriculture 中轴线南段道路遗存 / 089 Southern Section Road Archeological Sites 永定门 / 095 Yongdingmen Gate 北京中轴线展讯 Beijing Central Axis Exhibition Guide 钟鼓楼 / 106 Bell and Drum Towers 002 △ 中国古代计时仪器展 / 106 Exhibition of Timekeeping Devices in Ancient China △ “时间的故事”钟鼓楼历史文化展 / 110 “The Story of Time” Bell and Drum Towers Historical and Cultural Exhibition △ 景山寿皇殿历史文化展 / 114 Hall of Imperial Longevity Historical and Cultural Exhibition △ 原状陈列展 / 118 Reconstructed Interior Display Exhibitions △ 专题展 / 122 Thematic Exhibitions △ 大庙中轴——太庙历史文化专题展 / 126 The Grand Temple on the Central Axis—History and Culture of the Imperial Ancestral Temple Thematic Exhibition △ 中山公园园史展 / 132 Exhibition on the History of Zhongshan Park △ 古代中国陈列 / 136 Ancient China Exhibition △ 专题展览 / 142 Thematic Exhibitions △ “北京中轴线——中国理想都城秩序的杰作” 专题展览 / 145 Thematic Exhibition “Beijing Central Axis: A Building Ensemble Exhibiting the Ideal Order of the Chinese Capital” △ 走进斋宫——天坛斋宫历史文化展 / 150 Get Closer to the Fasting Palace—History and Culture about the Fasting Palace Exhibition 景山 / 114 Jingshan Hill 故宫 / 118 Forbidden City 太庙 / 126 Imperial Ancestral Temple 003 社稷坛 / 132 Altar of Land and Grain 中国国家博物馆 / 136 National Museum of China 正阳门 / 145 Zhengyangmen Gate 天坛 / 150 Temple of Heaven △ 《世界遗产名录》列入理由 / 182 Justification for Inscription on the World Heritage List △ 遗产新生 / 186 Rebirth of Heritage △ 跨越时空 / 189 004 Spanning Time and Space △ 庆成宫原状陈设 / 156 Reconstructed Interior Display of Qingcheng Palace △ 先农坛历史文化展 / 160 Historical and Cultural Exhibition of the Altar of the God of Agriculture △ 神仓历史文化展——神仓藏玉粒 五谷播天下 / 163 Divine Granary Complex Historical and Cultural Exhibition—Storing Grains and Spreading Crops △ 中国古代建筑展 / 167 Exhibition of Ancient Chinese Architecture △ 太岁殿东配殿及宰牲亭历史文化展 / 171 Historical and Cultural Exhibition of the East Side Hall of the Hall of the God of the Year and the Pavilion for Preparing Animal Sacrifices △ 邦国永定——永定门历史文化展 / 174 A National Guardian of Enduring Peace—Yongdingmen Gate Historical and Cultural Exhibition 先农坛 / 156 Altar of the God of Agriculture 永定门 / 174 Yongdingmen Gate 探访北京中轴线 Exploring Beijing Central Axis 遗产中轴 / 182 Beijing Central Axis as a Heritage Site005 △ 寻找中轴线上的“脊梁” / 192 Searching for the “Backbone” on the Central Axis △ 探访文化古都 / 195 Exploring the Ancient Cultural Capital △ 体验皇城底蕴 / 198 Experiencing the Legacy of the Imperial City △ 走进博物馆之城 / 201 Embracing the City of Museums △ 全球首次利用数字化技术全过程参与世界文化遗产 申报 / 204 The World’s First Full-process Participation in a World Cultural Heritage Nomination Using Digital Technology △ 让文化遗产在数字世界“永生”——数字化保护与 数字化活化 / 207 Bringing Cultural Heritage to Life in the Digital World — Digital Preservation and Digital Revitalization △ 让文化遗产走进生活——数字化传承 / 209 Bringing Cultural Heritage into Everyday Life — Digital Transmission 数字中轴 / 204 Digital Central Axis 漫步中轴 / 192 Scrolling the Central Axis 公益中轴 / 211 Beijing Central Axis for Public Interest
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中，首先是对时间、空间的一种描述和界定，进而成为中国古代知识体系和价值体 系里的一个核心观念和标准。在具体实践中，符合“中”的事物、行为等大多被赋予了 尊贵、美好、善良、和合等价值诉求和象征意义。 我国古代都城在选址与规划营建中，将对“中”的追求发挥到了极致，提出“择天 下之中而立国，择国之中而立宫”，即在疆域的中心位置定都，在都城的中心位置营建 王宫。为进一步强化这种“中”的布局的神圣威严与对称和谐，必须要在“中”之上及 周围规划有相应功能与内涵的建筑和空间。这事实上就形成了一条贯通都城核心区域、 统领都城空间布局和凸显王权尊贵，并具有对称与韵律之美的都城中轴线。《周礼·考 工记》（以下简称《考工记》）将这种理想的都城规划格局概括为“匠人营国，方九里， 旁三门。国中九经九纬，经涂九轨，左祖右社，面朝后市，市朝一夫”，涵盖了都城规 模、城门布局、道路规划及太庙、社稷坛、宫殿、市廛等的位置、面积等内容。在这样 的格局下，中轴线的构成、功能与象征意义无疑得到了最大程度的强调。 001在历代都城轴线中，北京中轴线是最接近《考工记》中所描述的理想都城中轴线的 范式，堪称中国理想都城秩序的杰作，也是梁思成先生眼中的“世界上就没有第二个” 的奇迹。 习近平总书记在北京考察时指出：“北京历史文化是中华文明源远流长的伟大见证， 要更加精心保护好，凸显北京历史文化的整体价值，强化‘首都风范、古都风韵、时代 风貌’的城市特色。”而北京中轴线正是积淀厚重的北京历史文化中的杰出范例，是代 表这座城市乃至中华文明的“金名片”。要探寻这一皇皇巨制，了解古人的匠心藻思， 加入今天的传承保护，不妨从探访中轴线遗产点上的若干古建筑、文物、展览开始。这 些展览从相应遗产点在中轴线上的功能和定位出发，诠释相应的历史文化内涵，生动、 直观而“接地气”，各美其美、美美与共，构成了以北京中轴线为主题的展览体系，呈 现出一幅北京中轴线文化传播的多彩拼图，也是发挥历史博物展览“见证历史、以史鉴 今、启迪后人”等功用的绝好例证。 2024 年 7 月 27 日，在印度新德里举行的联合国教科文组织第 46 届世界遗产大会通 过决议，将“北京中轴线——中国理想都城秩序的杰作”列入《世界遗产名录》，标志 着历经十二载，北京中轴线申遗成功，成为中国最具代表性的文化瑰宝之一。 002003 Preface “Zhong”， initially a description of measurement used in time and space， now has become a core concept and standard in the ancient Chinese knowledge system and value system. In practical terms， things and behavior that conform to “Zhong” are endowed with values and symbolic meanings such as nobility， goodness， kindness， and harmony. In the process of siting and planning ancient Chinese capital cities， the pursuit of “Zhong” was taken to the extreme. It was proposed to “choose the center of the world to establish a state， and choose the center of the state to establish a palace.” This means selecting the central location within the territory as the capital and constructing the royal palace at the center of the capital. In order to further strengthen the sacredness， symmetry， and harmony of this “Zhong” layout， it was necessary to plan corresponding buildings and spaces based on the concept of “Zhong”. This， in fact， gave birth to a central axis that connected the core area of the capital， guided the spatial layout of the capital， and highlighted the dignity of the monarchy with symmetric beauty. Artiffcers’ Record summarized this ideal urban planning pattern as follows: “Craftsmen build the capital in the shape of a square with the side length of nine li， with three gates on each side. Within the capital， there are nine northsouth roads and nine east-west avenues， each of which can accommodate nine carriages running in parallel. To the left is the ancestral temple， and to the right is the altar of land and grain. In front of the palace is the place where courtiers pay homage， and behind it is the market. The market and the place of homage are each a square with sides of one hundred steps.” It covers the scale of the capital， the layout of the city gates， road planning， as well as the positions and areas of the imperial ancestral temple， the altar of land and grain， the palace， and the market. In this urban planning pattern， there is no doubt that the construction， function， and symbolic meaning of the central axis are given the utmost emphasis. Among the axial lines of ancient capitals throughout history， Beijing Central Axis is the closest paradigm to the ideal axial line described in the book Artiffcers’ Record. Beijing Central Axis can be regarded as a masterpiece of the ideal urban planning in China and was considered by Liang Sicheng as a unique miracle in the world that has no equal. President Xi Jinping pointed out during his inspection in Beijing that， “Beijing’s rich historical and cultural heritage is a great witness to the long-standing Chinese civilization. We must protect it with greater care， highlight the overall value of Beijing’s historical and cultural heritage， and strengthen the city’s characteristics as the capital， an ancient city and a city which reffects the spirit of the times.” The Beijing Central Axis is an outstanding example of the profound historical and cultural heritage of Beijing. It is a “golden business card”， representing not only the city itself but also the Chinese civilization as a whole. To explore this grand project， understand the ingenuity of ancient craftsmen， and contribute to its preservation in modern times， one can start by going to the historic buildings， cultural relics， and exhibitions at various heritage sites along the central axis. These exhibitions are based on the functions and positioning of corresponding heritage sites along the central axis， interpreting their historical and cultural connotations in a vivid， intuitive， and 004down-to-earth manner. Each of these exhibitions presents the beauty of their respective subjects while sharing a common beauty， forming an exhibition system centered around Beijing Central Axis. They present a colorful mosaic of cultural dissemination along the central axis and serve as excellent examples of historical museum exhibitions that fulffll functions such as witnessing history， drawing lessons from the past， and enlightening future generations. On July 27， 2024， the UNESCO World Heritage Committee， at its 46th session held in New Delhi， India， adopted a decision to inscribe“Beijing Central Axis: A Building Ensemble Exhibiting the Ideal Order of the Chinese Capital”on the World Heritage List. This marks the successful inscription of Beijing Central Axis after twelve years of dedicated nomination efforts， establishing it as one of China’s most representative cultural treasures.
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