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《材料力学（英文版）（Mechanics of Materials）》根据***高等学校力学教学指导委员会制定的“材料力学课程教学基本要求”编写。《材料力学（英文版）（Mechanics of Materials）》共14章，包括材料力学基本概念、轴向拉伸和压缩、剪切、扭转、弯*内力、弯*应力、弯*变形、应力状态分析与强度理论、组合变形、压杆稳定、能量法、静不定结构、动载荷、疲劳，并将截面图形的几何性质等内容列入附录。各章均附有习题及参考答案。
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ContentsChapter 1 Introduction to Mechanics of Materials 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Strength， Stiffness， and Stability 11.1.2 Research Objects of Mechanics of Materials 21.2 Basic Assumptions of Mechanics of Materials 21.3 External Force， Internal Force and Stress 31.3.1 External Force 31.3.2 Internal Force and Method of Section 41.3.3 Stress 61.4 Displacement， Deformation， and Strain 71.4.1 Displacement and Deformation 71.4.2 Strain 71.5 Basic Patterns of Deformation of Prismatic Bar 8Problems 9Chapter 2 Axial Tension and Compression 112.1 Introduction 112.2 Axial Forces and Axial Force Diagrams 112.2.1 Normal Force 112.2.2 Axial Force Diagram 122.3 Stress in an Axially Loaded Bar 142.3.1 Stresses on Cross Section 142.3.2 Stresses on Oblique Section 152.3.3 Saint-Venant Principle 172.4 Mechanical Behaviour of Materials Under Tension and Compression 182.4.1 Introduction of Tensile and Compressive Tests 192.4.2 Mechanical Behaviour of Materials Under Tension 202.4.3 Mechanical Behaviour of Materials Under Compression 232.5 Strength Condition of Axially Loaded Bar 252.6 Deformation of Axially Loaded Bar 292.7 Statically Indeterminate Problems of Axial Tension and Compression 342.7.1 Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Problem in Tension and Compression 352.7.2 Assembly Stress 392.7.3 Thermal Stress 402.8 Stress Concentration 43Problems 44Chapter 3 Shearing in Connections 503.1 Introduction 503.2 Strength Check of Shearing Deformation in Connections 503.3 Strength Check of Bearing Deformation 52Problems 56Chapter 4 Torsion 594.1 Introduction 594.2 Internal Torque and Internal Torque Diagram 594.2.1 Twisting Couple on a Transmission Shaft 594.2.2 Internal Torque and Torque Diagrams 604.3 Pure Shear， Shearing Stress， Hooke’s Law in Shear Situations 624.3.1 Shear Stress on Cross Sections of a Thin-Walled Tube Induced by Torsion 624.3.2 Shearing Stress 634.3.3 Hooke’s Law in Shearing 634.4 Shear Stress in a Circular Shaft 644.4.1 Calculation of Shear Stress 644.4.2 Stress on Oblique Plane of a Circular Shaft Subjected to Torsion 694.4.3 Strength Design 704.5 Torsional Deformation of a Circular Shaft and Stiffness Design 724.5.1 Torsional Deformation of a Circular Shaft 724.5.2 Stiffness Design 724.6 Statically Indeterminate Shaft in Torsion 764.7 The Strength of Helical Springs 784.8 Torsion of Noncircular Shafts 804.8.1 Free Torsion and Restrained Torsion 804.8.2 Rectangular Shaft in Torsion 81Problems 82Chapter 5 Bending 865.1 Introduction 865.1.1 Bending 865.1.2 Boundary Supports of Beams 865.1.3 Basic Types of Beams 875.2 Shear Force and Bending Moment 885.3 Shear Force Diagram and Bending Moment Diagram 925.4 Relationships Between Shear Forces， Bending Moments and External Loads 975.4.1 Differential Relations Among Shear Force， Bending Moments and External Loads 975.4.2 Draw the Shear Force and the Bending Moment Diagram According to Differential Relations 985.4.3 Draw Bending Moment Diagram by the Principle of Superposition 1045.5 Internal Forces in Plane Frames and Curved Beams 1055.5.1 Internal Forces of Plane Frame 1055.5.2 Internal Force of Curved Beams 106Problems 107Chapter 6 Bending Stress 1136.1 Introduction 1136.2 Bending Normal Stress 1136.2.1 Geometric Aspects 1146.2.2 Physical Law 1156.2.3 Statics 1156.2.4 Bending Normal Stress 1166.2.5 Normal Stress in Transverse Bending 1186.3 Shear Stress in Bending 1186.3.1 Shear Stress of the Beam with Rectangular Cross Section 1186.3.2 Shear Stress of a Beam with I-Shape Cross Section 1216.3.3 Shear Stress of a Beam with Circular and Circular Tubular Cross Section 1226.3.4 Magnitude of Normal Stress and Shear Stress in Transverse Bending 1236.3.5 Effects of Shear Stress on Normal Stress in Transverse Bending 1246.4 Strength Condition of the Beam 1256.4.1 Strength Condition of Normal Stress 1256.4.2 Strength Condition of Shear Stress 1266.5 Plane Bending and Bending Centre of Asymmetric Section Beams 1316.6 Measures to Increase the Bending Strength of Beams 1336.6.1 Selection of an Optimal Cross Section 1336.6.2 Tapered Beams and Beams of Uniform Strength 1346.6.3 Rearrange the External Loading of the Beam 135Problems 138Chapter 7 Bending Deformation 1437.1 Introduction 1437.2 Approximated Differential Equation of Deflection Curve 1447.3 Calculation of Beam Deformation by the Integral Method 1457.4 Calculate the Displacement of Beams by the Principle of Superposition 1527.5 Stiffness Condition and Design of Beams 1587.5.1 Stiffness Condition of Beam 1587.5.2 Approaches to Improve Bending Stiffness 1597.6 Simple Statically Indetermi
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Mechanics of Materials 1.1 Introduction Mechanics of materials is a field that encompasses methods of analyzing and calculating stresses and strains in engineering. As one of the fundamental subjects of solid mechanics， mechanics of materials aims to study the mechanical behaviour of solid structures， including but not limited to buildings， machines， and ships， subjected to different types of loadings. Thus， the mechanics of materials is a crucial subject in various engineering fields. Engineering structures and machines are usually composed of a number of individual components， referred to as structural members or members. The main objective of the study of the mechanics of materials is to find the strength， stiffness， and stability conditions for structural members in order to make the entire structure function properly. 1.1.1 Strength， Stiffness， and Stability The size and shape of members in a mechanical system will change when subjected to external forces， which is called deformation. Once the external load is released， if there is no permanent change to the structure， we call this elastic deformation. However， if the structure remains deformed after the load is released， we call this plastic deformation or residual deformation. The basic requirements for an engineering structure or a mechanical design are to ensure safety， reliability， and economy. Mechanics of materials primarily aims to study three key aspects: strength， stiffness， and stability. Strength refers to the ability of members to resist failure. The members of structures subjected to external forces may break or induce significant plastic deformation. Both cases will lead to the failure of the members. Thus， the safety and reliability of members require sufficient strength such that no accidental fracture or significant plastic deformation is induced under provided loadings， namely strength conditions. Stiffness refers to the ability of members to resist deformation. For most members， we expect that only elastic deformation is induced under the applied loading. Moreover， the elastic deformation of the members should not be beyond a design value， called stiffness conditions. Stability refers to the ability of members to maintain an equilibrium state under loading- members studying in the mechanics of materials are generally in equilibrium. The stability of the members requires certain conditions to prevent instability， called stability conditions. Our objective is to study the conditions of strength， stiffness， and stability in the members of a structure， in order to design safe and economical structures. In this field， hypotheses can be verified via experiments， and the mechanical properties of materials are determined by measuring forces， displacements， strains， etc. Moreover， problems that cannot be solved theoretically may be solved empirically. Thus， the significance of experiments needs to be emphasized in the mechanics of materials. In addition， with the rapid development of computer science and technology in recent years， computational technology has been introduced in solving problems in the mechanics of materials. 1.1.2 Research Objects of Mechanics of Materials A bar is a member whose longitudinal length is much greater than that of the radial dimension. Bars are the most basic and common structural members in engineering. Beams， columns， drive shafts， support bars， etc. can all be categorized as bars. In the mechanics of materials， a typical bar is shown in Fig. 1.1(a). The plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bar is the cross-section. The line passing through all the centroids of the cross-section is called the axis. Obviously， the axis is orthogonal to the cross-section of the bar. A prismatic bar (shown in Fig. 1.1(a) and (b)) is a straight member having the same cross-section along its longitudinal axis， and bars with different cross-sections are shown in (Fig. 1.1(c)). A bar with a straight axis is called a straight bar (Fig. 1.1(a)， (c))， and that with a curved axis is called a curved bar (Fig. 1.1(b)). In this book， we usually study straight bars with uniform cross-sections， referred to as straight bars (Fig. 1.1(a)). The framework of studying the mechanical behaviour of straight bars with uniform sections can also be applied to approximate the mechanical behaviour of curved bars with infinitesimal curvature， and variable cross-section bars with minor changes in cross-section. Fig. 1.1 Different types of bars 1.2 Basic Assumptions of Mechanics of Materials It is well acknowledged that the microstructure of the members is non-trivial. However， it is beyond the scope of this book to study the mechanical response of a solid on a micro-scale. In this book， to simplify the mechanical model， the following basic assumptions are made for deformable solids — these assumptions are sufficiently acc
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