Preface
1 RFID Fundamentals
1.1 Introduction to RFID
1.1.1 RF
1.1.2 ID
1.1.3 RFID system classification
1.1.3.1 Frequenc{es and transmission principles
1.1.3.2 Applications
1.2 RFID system components
1.2.1 Card PICC
1.2.2 Reader PCD
1.3 ISOIEC 14443 application example
1.3.1 Public transport ticketing
1.3.2 Employee identification cards
1.3.3 Electronic passports and identity cards
1.3.4 Other applications
1.4 Physical fundamentals
1.4.1 Energy transmission
1.4.2 Data transmission from PCD to PICC
1.4.2.1 Amplitude modulation
1.4.2.2 Standard data rate 106Kbs
1.4.2.3 Higher data rates up to 848Kbs
1.4.3 Data transmission from PICC to PCD
1.4.3.1 Load modulation
1.4.3.2 Subcarrier modulation:Manchester encoding using ASK
1.4.3.3 Subcarrier modulation:NRZ encoding with BPSK
2 Overview of the Relevant Standards
2.1 ISOIEC 14443
2.1.1 Part 1: physical properties
2.1.2 Part 2: RF properties and signals
2.1.3 Part 3: Card selection and activation
2.1.3.1 Type A: UIDs
2.1.3.2 Type A: card activation
2.1.3.3 Type A: SAK encoding
2.1.3.4 Type A: collision-detection and conflict resolution
2.1.3.5 Type B card activation
2.1.3.6 T ype B: Card activation parameters
2.1.4 Part 4: communication protocol
2.1.4.1 Protocol activation
2.1.4.2 T=CL protocol block structure
2.1.5 Information Block I Block
2.1.5.1 Receive-ready Blocks R Blocks
2.1.5.2 Supervisory Blocks S Blocks
2.1.6 Electromagnetic disturbance EMD
2.1.6.1 Rest period
2.1.6.2 Rest level
2.1.6.3 Distinction between invalid card response and EMD
2.1.6.4 The MFRC522 reader IC and EMD
2.2 ISOIEC 10373-6 test methods
2.2.1 Test equipment
2.2.1.1 Calibration coil
2.2.1.2 Test PCD assembly
2.2.1.3 ReferencePICC
2.2.2 Tuning and calibration
2.2.2.1 Tuning
2.2.2.2 Calibration
2.2.3 Measurements at the reader
2.2.3.1 Range measurement
2.2.3.2 Measurement effort
2.2.4 Tests for Layer 3 and 4
2.3 Near Field Communication NFC
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 NFC air interface
2.3.2.1 NFC device as card
2.3.2.2 NFC device as a reader
2.3.2.3 NFC device in ''active'' mode
3 REID Antenna Design
3.1 Theoretical Fundamentals
3.1.1 Antenna as Resonant Circuit
3.1.2 Transformer Model
3.1.3 The Biot-Savart Law
3.1.4 Optimal Antenna Size
3.2 Reader Antennas
3.2.1 Antenna Quality
3.2.1.1 Data Transmission Bandwidth
3.2.1.2 Stability Against Detuning
3.2.2 Electrically Conductive Surfaces in the Vicinity of the Antenna
3.2.2.1 Ferrites
3.2.3 Balanced and Unbalanced Antennas
3.2.3.1 Balanced Antenna
3.2.3.2 Unbalanced Antenna
4 Security and Cryptography
5 Introduction to Cards and Tags
6 Reader Antenna Design
7 The Elekter RFID Reader
8 Cards and Tags in Application
9 Elektor RFID Projects
10 Smart Card Reader API Standards.
11 PCSC Readers
12 List of Abbreviations
13 Bibliography
14 Index