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《简单系统相变（影印版）》是从斯普林格出版社引进的影印版图书。相变无疑是现代物理的核心概念之一。它几乎关系到物理学的所有研究方向。本书的作者是在相变领域有丰富研究经验，在世界上享有盛誉的著名科学家。他们的研究深度以及讲述技巧使得本书兼具学术上的深厚内涵和较强的可读性。本书值得所有在物理学界工作的读者阅读。
《Phase Transitions of Simple
Systems简单系统相变（影印版）》是从斯普林格出版社引进的影印版图书。相变无疑是现代物理的核心概念之一。它几乎关系到物理学的所有研究方向。本书的作者是在相变领域有丰富研究经验，在世界上享有盛誉的著名科学家。他们的研究深度以及讲述技巧使得本书兼具学术上的深厚内涵和较强的可读性。本书值得所有在物理学界工作的读者阅读。
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| 內容簡介： |
《Phase Transitions of Simple
Systems简单系统相变（影印版）》是从微观理论入手来讨论的，试图给予大块物质和小系统的相变一个统一的理论基础。这是一本关于小系统相和相变的专著。利用用简单但具有实质物理意义的模型，本书讨论了刚性晶体、玻璃和液态简相变发生的缘由。本书还讨论了相平衡的出现，以及大块性质如何从小系统的性质中演生出。本书适合热力学、统计物理、凝聚态物理领域，乃至所有对相变问题感兴趣的研究者和研究生阅读。
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| 目錄：
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Introduction
PartIThermodynamicsofEnsemblesofClassicalParticles
1ExcitationsinSimpleAtomicEnsembles
1.1ThermodynamicsandDynamicsofParticleEnsembles
1.2InteractionofInertGasAtoms
1.3SimilarityLawforSimpleAtomicEnsembles
1.4EvolutionofParticleEnsembles
1.5VoidsasElementaryConfigurationalExcitations
2StructuresofEnsemblesofInteractingParticles
2.1Close-PackedStructures
2.2ShellsinClose-PackedStructures
2.3Lennard-JonesCrystal
2.4MorseCrystal
2.5SurfaceEnergyofLennard-JonesandMorseCrystals
2.6SolidandLiquidInertGasesNeartheTriplePoint
3ThermodynamicsofDenseGasesandLiquids
3.1EquationofStateforanEnsembleofRandomlyDistributedParticles
3.2EquilibriumofGasandCondensedStates
3.3LiquidSurfaceParameters
3.4PeculiaritiesofSimilarityforInertGases
3.5ScalingLawforMolecularSystems
4ClusterswithShort-RangeInteraction
4.1ConfigurationsofSolidClusterswithPairwiseAtomicInteractions
4.2PeculiaritiesofClose-PackedClusterswithShort-RangeInteraction
4.3Constructingfcc-ClusterswithShort-RangeInteraction
4.4GrowthoffccClusterswithShort-RangeAtomicInteraction
4.5RegularClustersofClose-PackedStructures
4.6IcosahedralClusters
4.7CompetitionofIcosahedralandClose-PackedStructures
5EnsemblesofClassicalParticleswithRepulsion
5.1ThermodynamicsofEnsemblesofRepellingParticles
5.2ASystemofHardSpheres
5.3ColloidSuspensionsasSystemsofRepellingParticles
5.4VirialTheoremandInstabilityofCrystalStructure
5.5PhaseTransitionforanEnsembleofRepellingAtoms
5.6PhaseTransitionsinInertGasesunderHighPressure
5.7StructuresofanEnsembleofRepellingParticlesatLowTemperatures
PartIIConfigurationalExcitationsandAggregateStatesofEnsemblesofClassicalParticles
6ConfigurationalExcitationandVoidsinEnsemblesofBoundClassicalAtoms
6.1SeparationofThermalandConfigurationalDegreesofFYeedomofClusters
6.2LatticeModelfortheOrder-DisorderPhaseTransition
6.3ChemicalEquilibriaandPhaseTransitions
6.4InternalVoidsinaSystemofIdenticalParticles
6.5VoidFormationinTwoDimensions
6.6TheCellModelforDiskParticles
6.7PeculiaritiesofConfigurationalExcitationforBulkAtomicSystems
6.8Two-StateApproximationforAggregateStates
7ConfigurationalClusterExcitationwithPairwiseInteractions
7.1PeculiaritiesofConfigurationalExcitationofClusters
7.2StructuralPhaseTransitioninaSolidCluster
7.3ConfigurationalExcitationoftheIcosahedralClusterof13Atoms
7.4TheClusterasaMicrocanonicalEnsembleofBoundAtoms
7.5TheClusterasaCanonicalEnsembleofBoundAtoms
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PartIIIDynamicsofConfigurationalExcitationsinEnsemblesofClassicalParticles
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| 內容試閱：
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Thusthisexampledemonstrateshowitisthatthepotentialenergysurfacehasmanylocalminimainaspaceofatomiccoordinates，andtheselocalminimaareseparatedbybarrierswithsaddlepointsinthisspace.Thereforeexcitedconfigurationalstatesarelocallystablestates，andaclustercanremainenoughlonginaspecificexcitedconfigurationalstatetoequilibrateitsvibrations.Hence，ifthegroundconfigurationstateisthebasisforthesolidclusterstate，wecananticipatethatconfigurationallyexcitedstatescanbeabasisfortheliquidaggregatestate.1.5VoidsasElementaryConfigurationalExcitationsOnecanconsidertheexamplejustgivenofaconfigurationalexcitationofaclusterof13atomsasanelementaryconfigurationalexcitation.Inthiscaseavacancyorholeisformedinthesurfaceclustershell，andthisvacancyisdeformedduetointeractionofsurroundingatoms.Letuswidenthisexampleandconsideraverylargeregularsurfacewhoseconfigurationalexcitationresultsinpassageofsomeatomsfromthesurfacelayertopositionsonthesurface.Incontrasttothepreviousexampleofthe13-atomcluster，severalormanyelementaryconfigurationalexcitationsofthiskindcancharacterizethetotalconfigurationalexcitation.Inthesamemanner，onecanconsiderinternalexcitationsofalargeorbulkcrystalifinternalatomsareremovedontothesurfaceofthiscrystal.Solongasweremoveonlyatomswhichdonotneighboroneanother，thetotalenergyofthisconfigurationalexcitationissimplyasumoftheexcitationenergiesforindividualvacancies.Inthis
way，representingthetotalconfigurationalexcitationasasumofelementaryconfigurationalexcitations，wepassfromadynamicdescriptionofthesystemtoitsstatisticaldescription.
Solongasvacanciesdonotborderoneanother，theenergyofformationofanelementaryvacancyisdeterminedbythenumberofbondsforaremovedatom.Becauseweconsideratomicensemblesinwhichinteractionbetweennearestneighborsisdominant，thisnumberofbondsequals12.Whenthisconditionisnotfulfilled，wetakeavoid[45]oremptyinternalspaceasanelementaryconfigurationalexcitationofanensembleofboundclassicalparticles，consideringavoidasaperturbed（orrelaxed）vacancy.Butincontrasttoavacancyinabulksolid，avoidhasanindefinitevolumeandshapethatchangeintime.Thereforefromthestandpointofsaddle-crossingdynamics，eachconfigurationallyexcitedstatecorrespondstoacertainnumberofvoidswhichareidenticalonaverage.
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