Part ⅠFundamentals of Measurement Systems
Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Measurement Technologies
1.1Introduction
1.1.1Measurement， metrology， and testing
1.1.2Classification of measurements
1．1．3Structure of measurement system
1．2Measurement uncertainty
1．2．1The concept of uncertainty
1．2．2Measurement uncertainty sources
1．3Measurement errors
1．3．1Errors
1．3．2Systematic errors
1．3．3Random errors
1．4Statistical analysis of measurements
1．4．1Mean and median
1．4．2Standard deviation and variance
1．4．3Standard error of the mean
1．4．4Rogue data points
1．4．5Aggregation of measurement system errors
1．5Mathematical regression techniques
1．5．1Linear least squares regression
1．5．2Polynomial least squares regression
1．6Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 2Signal Analysis
2．1Classification of signals
2．1．1Deterministic signals
2．1．2Random signals
2．1．3Continuoustime signals and discretetime signals
2．1．4Typical signals
2．2Fourier series of periodic signals
2．2．1Fourier trigonometric series
2．2．2Exponential Fourier series
2．2．3Frequency spectra of periodic signals
2．3Fourier transforms
2．3．1Fourier transforms of aperiodic signals
2．3．2Fourier transforms of periodic signals
2．3．3Properties of Fourier transforms
2．4Random signals description
2．4．1Characteristic parameters for random process
2．4．2Correlation analysis
2．4．3Power density spectrum
2．5Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 3Signal Conditioning
3．1Introduction of signal conditioning
3．1．1Filtering
3．1．2Amplifying
3．1．3Isolation
3．1．4Modulation
3．2Filtering
3．2．1Simple lowpass filters
3．2．2Simple highpass filters
3．2．3Simple bandpass filters
3．2．4Simple bandelimination or bandreject or notch filters
3.2.5Design of passive filter
3．3Modulation
3．3．1Amplitude modulation
3．3．2Angle modulation
3．3．3Matlab Codes
3.4Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 4Basic Characteristics of Measurement Systems
4．1Measurement systems and linear systems
4．1．1Basic requirements of measurement systems
4．1．2Linear systems and main characteristics
4．1．3Transmission characteristics of measurement systems
4．2Static characteristics of a measurement system
4．2．1Sensitivity
4．2．2Linearity
4．2．3Hysteresis
4．2．4Repeatability
4．2．5Accuracy
4．2．6Drift and stability
4．2．7Resolution
4．2．8Calibration
4．3Dynamic characteristics of a measurement system
4．3．1Mathematical description of dynamic characteristics
4．3．2Firstorder measurement system
4．3．3Secondorder measurement system
4．3．4Calibration of dynamic characteristics of systems
4．4Conditions of distortionless measurement
4．5Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 5Outline of Sensor Technologies
5．1Basic concepts of sensors
5．1．1Definition and composition of sensors
5．1．2Function of sensors
5．1．3Classification of sensors
5．1．4Basic characteristics of sensors
5．2Sensor calibration
5．2．1Fundamental concepts
5．2．2Basic methods
5．2．3Calibration system
5．3Principles of instrument selection
5．3．1Characteristics of sensors
5．3．2The environment of measurement
5．3．3Cost and maintenance
5．4Applications and development trends of sensor
5．4．1Main applications
5．4．2Development trends
5．5Summary
Exercises and Problems
Part ⅡTraditional Sensors and Applications
Chapter 6Resistance Strain Sensors
6．1Overview of resistive sensors
6．2Working principle of resistance strain sensor
6．2．1Resistance strain effect
6．2．2Piezoresistive effect
6．3Resistance strain gauges
6．3．1Structure and materials of resistance strain gauges
6．3．2Main characteristics of resistance strain gauges
6．4Key problems of resistance strain gauge engineering application
6．4．1Pasting process of strain gauges
6．4．2Measurement circuits
6．4．3Temperature error and compensation
6.5Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 7Inductive Sensors
7．1Introduction
7．2Selfinductance inductive sensors
7．2．1The singlecoil linear variablereluctance sensors
7．2．2The variabledifferential reluctance sensor
7．2．3Variablereluctance tachogenerators
7．3Mutual inductance sensors： LVDT
7．4Eddy currents
7．5Advantages/disadvantages of inductive sensors
7．6Applications of the inductive sensors
7．6．1Inductive proximity switch
7．6．2LVDT pressure sensor
7．6．3Flaw detection sensors
7．7Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 8Capacitive Sensors
8．1Basic principle of the capacitive sensors
8．2Measuring displacement and velocity by changing overlapped
area and gap distance of capacitive sensors
8．2．1Using the change of the overlapped area between the
two plates
8．2．2Using the change in distance between the plates
8．2．3Capacitance bridge circuit
8．2．4Coaxial cylindrical capacitive sensor
8．3Variable permittivity capacitive sensors
8．4Measuring circuits of capacitive sensors
8．4．1Equivalent circuit of capacitive sensors
8．4．2Frequency modulation circuits
8．5Characteristics and application of capacitive sensors
8．5．1Characteristics of capacitive sensors
8．5．2Engineering application cases of capacitive sensors
8.6Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 9Piezoelectric Sensors
9．1Piezoelectric effect
9．1．1Piezoelectric effect
9．1．2Piezoelectric materials
9．2Measure circuit
9．2．1Theory and model
9．2．2Signal conditioning circuit
9．3Piezoelectric sensors
9．3．1Accelerometers
9．3．2Force sensors
9．3．3Pressure sensors
9．4Application
9．4．1Principle of damping factor measurement
9．4．2Measurement system
9.5Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 10Magnetoelectric Sensors
10．1Magnetoelectric induction sensors
10．1．1Moving coil magnetoelectric sensors
10．1．2Magnetoresistance magnetoelectric sensors
10．1．3Application of magnetoelectric induction sensors
10．2Hall sensors
10．2．1Hall effect and Hall element
10．2．2Measurement error and compensation
10．2．3Hall integrated sensors
10．2．4Application of Hall sensors
10．3Engineering application case1—Nondestructive testing of
wire rope damage
10．4Engineering application case 2—Halleffect digital position
sensors
10．5Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 11Photoelectric Sensors
11．1Fundamentals of photoelectric devices
11．1．1Spectroscopy and measurement of light
11．1．2Photoelectric effects
11．1．3Basic characteristics of photoelectric sensors
11．1．4Light sources
11．2Photoelectric devices
11．2．1Photocells and photomultipliers
11．2．2Photoresistors
11．2．3Photocells
11．2．4Photodiodes and phototransistors
11．2．5Application of optoelectronic devices
11．3Solidstate image sensors
11．3．1CCD image sensors
11．3．2CMOS image sensors
11．3．3Application of solidstate image sensors
11.4Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 12Thermoelectric Sensors
12．1Temperature and the types of temperature sensing
12．2Temperature scale
12．2．1Celsius temperature scale
12．2．2Fahrenheit temperature scale
12．2．3Thermodynamic temperature scale
12．2．4International practical temperature scale
12．3Resistance thermometer sensors
12．3．1Metallic thermal resistance
12．3．2Structure and measuring circuit of metallic thermal
resistance
12．3．3Semiconductor thermistors
12．4Thermocouples
12．4．1Measuring principle of thermocouple
12．4．2Type， structure， and measuring circuit of
thermocouple
12．4．3Cold junction compensation
12．4．4Calibration of the thermocouple
12．5Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 13Radiation Sensors
13．1Definition
13．2Radiation sensor type
13．3Microwave sensors
13．3．1Working principle of the microwave sensor
13．3．2Composition of the microwave sensor
13．3．3Classification of the microwave sensors
13．3．4Application of the microwave sensor
13．4Infrared radiation sensors
13．4．1The working principle of the infrared radiation sensor
13．4．2Performance parameters of the infrared radiation
sensor
13．4．3Basic laws of infrared radiation
13．4．4Typical infrared radiation sensors
13．4．5Application of infrared radiation sensor
13．5Nuclear radiation sensors
13．5．1Nuclear radiation and its characteristic parameters
13．5．2Working principle of nuclear radiation sensors
13．5．3Typical nuclear radiation sensors
13．5．4Protection from the radioactive radiation
13．5．5Application of the nuclear radiation sensor
13．6Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 14Digital Sensors
14．1Inductosyn
14．1．1Type and structure of the inductosyn
14．1．2Working principle of the inductosyn
14．1．3Signal processing method
14．2Photoelectric encoders
14．2．1Photoelectric absolute encoder
14．2．2Photoelectric incremental encoder
14．3Grating sensor
14．3．1Types of gratings
14．3．2Structure and measurement principle of grating
14．3．3Principles of digital conversion
14．4Capacitive grating sensor
14．4．1Structure of the capacitive grating sensor
14．4．2Working principle of capacitive grating sensor
14．4．3Principles of digital measurement
14．5Magnetic grating sensor
14．5．1Structure and working principle of magnetic grating
14．5．2Digital measurement principle
14．6Summary
Exercises and Problems
Part ⅢNew Sensing Technologies and Applications
Chapter 15MEMS Sensors
15．1MEMS and MEMS sensors
15．1．1MEMS
15．1．2MEMS sensors
15．2MEMS pressure sensor
15．2．1Piezoresistive pressure sensor
15．2．2Capacitive pressure sensor
15．2．3Resonant pressure sensor
15．3MEMS accelerometer
15．3．1Piezoresistive accelerometer
15．3．2Capacitive accelerometer
15.4Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 16Smart Sensors
16．1Introduction
16．2What is smart sensor
16．2．1Smart sensor definition
16．2．2Types and structure of smart sensors
16．3The features of smart sensors
16．4The function of smart sensors
16．5Implementation of smart sensors
16．6Development trend of smart sensor technology
16．7Smart sensor applications
16．7．1Singlechip Solution for electronics unit of the smart
pressure sensor
16．7．2Smart home for the eldercare using wireless sensor
16．8Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 17Optical Fiber Sensors
17．1Introduction
17．2Development history
17．3Research status
17．4Measurement principles
17．4．1Basic principles
17．4．2Principle of the transmittingtype optical fiber
sensors
17．4．3Principle of the sensingtype optical fiber sensors
17．5Typical applications
17．5．1Application of the reflective optical fiber displacement
sensor in the measurement of lubricating oil film
thickness
17．5．2Application of FBG in the measurement of ring
gear tooth root strain
17.6Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 18Typical Bioelectric Signal Detection Technology
18．1Introduction
18．1．1Development history of typical bioelectric signal
detection technology
18．1．2Research status of typical bioelectric signal
detection technology
18．2Basic principles of typical bioelectric signal detection
18．2．1The basic principles of EEG detection
18．2．2The basic principles of EMG detection
18．3EEG detection and application system
18．3．1EEG detection
18．3．2EEG application system
18．4EMG detection and application system
18．4．1EMG detection system
18．4．2EMG application system
18．5Summary
Exercises and Problems
Chapter 19Modern Automatic Measuring
19．1Modern automatic test system
19．1．1Composition and classification of ATS
19．1．2Characteristics of ATS
19．2Virtual instrument
19．2．1Overview of virtual instrument
19．2．2Virtual instrument development platform
19．2．3Application of LabVIEW
19．3Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
19．3．1The development of WSNs
19．3．2The basic composition and characteristics of WSN
19．3．3Application of WSN
19．4Internet of Things technology
19．4．1Overview of Internet of Things technology
19．4．2Key Technologies of IoT
19．4．3Application of IoT
19.5Summary
Exercises and Problems
Appendix AUnits and Conversions
References
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