Part I 词法篇：12大词类一点通
Step 1 Try：自测题，找出你的盲点
1. Four and _ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and _ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
A. a; a B. the; the C. ; the D. a;
2. Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege
3. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique Greek vase.
A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion
4. _ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn''t love it.
A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Somebody
5. Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _ spending quite a lot of time with students.
A. enjoys B. involves C. practices D. suggests
6. Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own.
A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change
7. The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.
A. a; B. the; C. the; an D. a; an
8. It''s said that the power plant is now _ large as what it was.
A. twice as B. as C. twice much D. much twice
9. A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away, but it cannot be successful _ if we do something to stop progress.
A. either B. neither C. too D. also
10. Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library _ a book about it.
A. on B. at C. for D. to
答案解析
1. A 考查冠词aanthe的用法。第一空表示四个半，应用four and a half；a break表示休息一会儿。
2. A 考查名词词义辨析。A. 视角；B. 优先权；C. 参与；D. 特权。
3. B 考查介词 名词短语辨析。A. 任意地；B. 偶然地；C. 依次；D. 有时，偶尔。
4. C 考查不定代词词义辨析。A. 任何人；B. 每个人；C. 没有人；D. 某些人。
5. B 考查动词词义辨析。A. 喜欢；B. 需要，包含；C. 练习；D. 建议；暗示。
6. D 考查动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作chance的后置定语。
7. C 考查冠词aanthe的用法。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句，故应该特指；第二空译为他们的儿子需要做一个手术，使用不定冠词。
8. A 考查比较级倍数表达法。句型为：倍数 as 形容词副词原级 as 比较对象。
9. A 考查代词either的用法。否定句中表示也不，故选A。
10. C 考查动词短语搭配。本题关键在于认识到动词look与选择项中的介词搭配构成固定短语的时候，其中隔有短语in your local library。look for 意为寻找，故选C。
Step 2 Learn：看图表，掌握语法重点
1 名词万事万物，各有其name
名词是表示人、动物、地点、物品以及抽象概念的词。
名词
普通名词
名词的分类
名词的性
专有名词
名词对等语
阳性阴性通性中性
名词的数
名词的格
名词的用法
可数名词：单数复数
不可数名词：无单复数之分
''s所有格
of所有格
双重所有格
名词在句中的位置
修饰名词的限定词
（1）名词的分类
名词根据意义可分为普通名词和专有名词，还有一些名词以名词对等语的形式出现。
名词的分类
个体名词
普通名词
专有名词
名词对等语
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
人名、地名
时间、日期
国家、机构
名词短语
不定式
动名词
名词性从句
①普通名词（Common Noun）
表示一类人、东西或抽象概念的名词。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
个体名词
单个（类）的人、物、事等 如：boy, house, tiger等
集体名词
有集合、团体含义的词 如：family，team，police等
物质名词
无法判断个体的事、物 如：air, snow, bread, rice等
抽象名词
表达动作、状态、品质、情感等概念 如：glory, friendship等
②专有名词（Proper Noun）
表示特定的人或事物名称的词。
※专有名词首字母需大写。
人名
Tom，Cinderella，Michelle 等
星期、月份、节日
Sunday，February，the Spring Festival 等
国家、城市
China，London，Paris 等
建筑、街道
the Fifth Avenue， Downing Street 等
③名词对等语
在句子中，名词还会以名词对等语的形式出现，如：名词短语、不定式、动名词和名词性从句。这类名词的对等语通常视为单数，使用时需注意。
※名词对等语具有名词的性质，通常视为单数。
名词短语
The time of the meeting is not decided yet. 会议时间还没定下来。
不定式
To study abroad is my greatest desire. 去国外学习是我最大的愿望。
动名词
Seeing him makes me angry. 看见他我就生气。
名词性从句
That he doesn''t study makes me angry.（主语从句）
他不学习让我很生气。
I know that he has finished the work.（宾语从句 ）
我知道他已经完成工作了。
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.（表语从句）
问题是我们什么时候能涨工资。
There is a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.（同位语从句）
有人建议把布朗逐出队伍。
Step 3 Challenge：高手题，水平更高一点
1. There is good _ for you. I have found your lost book.
A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts
2. My aunt will come to my house for lunch. I want to buy some _ to make a vegetable salad for her.
A. meat B. tomatoes C. apple juice D. oranges
3. In the morning the panda gets up and eats _.
A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs D. a leaf
4. The PLA man saved three _ lives in the accident.
A. children''s B. children C. child D. childs''
5. Come on, boys and girls. Help yourselves to some _ if you like.
A. fish and chicken B. fishes and chicken
C. fish and chickens D. fishes and chickens
6. All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
7. Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us.
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news
8. Would you like to look at some pants? They may fit you well.
Well, I''d like to try those blue _.
A. pairs B. one C. pant D. pair
9. Would you like drinks?
Yes, _, please.
A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolatesC. some cakes D. two bottles of orange
10. exciting news! We will have _ long holiday after the exam.
A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the
1. A 四个选项都是以s结尾的名词，其中A为不可数名词，B、C、D为名词的复数形式。句中用了连系动词is，所以只有A项正确。
2. B 下文说制作蔬菜色拉，故选蔬菜类的tomatoes。题干信息很重要，要仔细审题。
3. B 考查名词leaf的复数形式。 以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时，一般将f或fe变v后，加es。
4. A 考查名词所有格的用法。three后接复数children，变名词所有格时直接加''s，故选A。
5. A fish（鱼肉） 和chicken（鸡肉）都是不可数名词。
6. D 由时间on March 8th可知是妇女节，因此是女教师。女教师单数形式用woman teacher，复数形式两个词都要变为复数，故选D。
7. A 考查对名词的数的掌握。 news意为消息，是不可数名词，所以C、D两项可排除。形容词修饰类似的词组时，一般放在前面。
8. A pants要用a pair of来修饰，由those blue确定其后接pair的复数形式，故选A。
9. D orange当桔子汁讲时是不可数名词，可用数词或冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词结构来表示它的数量。量词（piece, bottle, glass, pair, cup等）是可数名词，可根据情况用单数或复数，但of后面的名词只能用单数。 根据题意可选出D。
10. B news为不可数名词，其前面不能用aan来修饰；而holiday 是可数名词，且在句子中并无特指的意思，所以选B.
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